The dyonic picture of topological objects in the deconfined phase

Understand

In the deconfinement phase of quenched SU(2) Yang-Mills theory the spectrum and localization properties of the eigenmodes of the overlap Dirac operator with antiperiodic boundary conditions are strongly dependent on the sign of the average Polyakov loop, $<L>$.

• For $<L> > 0$ a gap appears with only few, highly localized topological zero and near-zero modes separated from the rest of the spectrum.
• Instead of a gap, for $<L> < 0$ a high spectral density of relatively delocalized near-zero modes is observed.
• In an ensemble of positive $<L>$, the same difference of the spectrum appears under a change of fermionic boundary conditions.