Spacetime foam: from entropy and holography to infinite statistics and nonlocality

Understand

Due to quantum fluctuations, spacetime is foamy on small scales.

• The degree of foaminess is found to be consistent with holography, a principle prefigured in the physics of black hole entropy.
• It has bearing on the ultimate accuracies of clocks and measurements and the physics of quantum computation.
• Consistent with existing archived data on active galactic nuclei from the Hubble Space Telescope, the application of the holographic spacetime foam model to cosmology requires the existence of dark energy which, we argue, is composed of an enormous number of inert "particles" of extremely long wavelength.