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Surface detector arrays are designed to measure the spectrum and composition of high-energy cosmic rays by detecting the secondary particle flux of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) induced by the primary cosmic rays.
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Pierre Auger Collaboration, Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon flux above 10ˆ19 eV using the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory, ArXiv e-prints 0712.1147
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