Non-equilibrium thermodynamics near the horizon and holography

Understand

Small perturbations of a black brane are interpreted as small deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium in a dual theory with the AdS/CFT correspondence.

• In this paper, we calculate hydrodynamics of the dual Yang-Mills theory in the gravity side using membrane paradigm.
• This method is different from the usual AdS/CFT correspondence and evaluate classical solutions not at boundaries but at the place slightly away from a horizon.
• There are sound modes or shear modes for gravity perturbation.