Stability of Q-balls and Catastrophe

Understand

We propose a practical method for analyzing stability of Q-balls for the whole parameter space, which includes the intermediate region between the thin-wall limit and thick-wall limit as well as Q-bubbles (Q-balls in false vacuum), using the catastrophe theory.

• We apply our method to the two concrete models, $V_3=m^2\phi^2/2-\mu\phi^3+\lambda\phi^4$ and $V_4=m^2\phi^2/2-\lambda\phi^4+\phi^6/M^2$.
• We find that $V_3$ and $V_4$ Models fall into {\it fold catastrophe} and {\it cusp catastrophe}, respectively, and their stability structures are quite different from each other.