Evolution of Primordial Black Holes in a radiation and phantom energy environment

Understand

In this work we extend previous work on the evolution of a Primordial Black Hole (PBH) to address the presence of a dark energy component with a super-negative equation of state as a background, investigating the competition between the radiation accretion, the Hawking evaporation and the phantom accretion, the latter two causing a decrease on black hole mass.

• It is found that there is an instant during the matter-dominated era after which the radiation accretion becomes negligible compared to the phantom accretion.
• The Hawking evaporation may become important again depending on a mass threshold.
• The evaporation of PBHs is quite modified at late times by these effects, but only if the Generalized Second Law of thermodynamics is violated.