$\Sigma$-nuclear spin-orbit coupling from two-pion exchange

Understand

Using SU(3) chiral perturbation theory we calculate the density-dependent complex-valued spin-orbit coupling strength $U_{\Sigma ls}(k_f)+ i W_{\Sigma ls}(k_f)$ of a $\Sigma$ hyperon in the nuclear medium.

• The leading long-range $\Sigma N$ interaction arises from iterated one-pion exchange with a $\Lambda$ or a $\Sigma$ hyperon in the intermediate state.
• We find from this unique long-range dynamics a sizeable ``wrong-sign'' spin-orbit coupling strength of $U_{\Sigma ls}(k_{f0}) \simeq -20$ MeVfm$^2$ at normal nuclear matter density $\rho_0 = 0.16 $fm$^{-3}$.
• The strong $\Sigma N\to \Lambda N$ conversion process contributes at the same time an imaginary part of $W_{\Sigma ls}(k_{f0}) \simeq -12$ MeVfm$^2$.