Numerical study of the mass spectrum in the 2D O(3) sigma model with a theta term

Understand

It has been conjectured that the mass spectrum of the O(3) non-linear sigma model with a theta term in 2 dimensions may possess an excited state, which decays when theta is lowered from pi below a critical value.

• Since the direct numerical investigation of the model is prevented by a sign problem, we try to infer some information on the mass spectrum at real theta by studying the model at imaginary theta via analytic continuation.
• A modified Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm has been introduced to simulate the model with the theta term.