Neutrinos from Fallback onto Newly Formed Neutron Stars

Understand

In the standard supernova picture, type Ib/c and type II supernovae are powered by the potential energy released in the collapse of the core of a massive star.

• In studying supernovae, we primarily focus on the ejecta that makes it beyond the potential well of the collapsed core.
• But, as we shall show in this paper, in most supernova explosions, a tenth of a solar mass or more of the ejecta is decelerated enough that it does not escape the potential well of that compact object.
• This material falls back onto the proto-neutron star within the first 10-15 seconds after the launch of the explosion, releasing more than 1e52erg of additional potential energy.