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This paper is a survey of a large number of informal definitions of ``intelligence'' that the authors have collected over the years.
Methodes nouvelles por le diagnostic du niveai intellectuel des anormaux
A. Binet and T. Simon · 1905
Earlier work this paper cites.
The measurement of intelligence
V. A. C. Henmon · 1921
Earlier work this paper cites.
Intelligence as the tests test it
E. G. Boring · 1923
Earlier work this paper cites.
The nature of intelligence
L. L. Thurstone · 1924
Earlier work this paper cites.
The great apes: A study of anthropoid life
R. M. Yerkes and A. W. Yerkes · 1929
Earlier work this paper cites.
Aptitudes and aptitude testing
W. V. Bingham · 1937
Earlier work this paper cites.
A dictionary of psychology
J. Drever · 1952
Earlier work this paper cites.
The causes and treatments of backwardness
C. L. Burt · 1957
Earlier work this paper cites.
The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence
D. Wechsler · 1958
Earlier work this paper cites.
The psychology of intelligence
J. Piaget · 1963
Earlier work this paper cites.
Computer science as empirical enquiry: Symbols and search
A. Newell and H. A. Simon · 1976
Earlier work this paper cites.
The Society of Mind
M. Minsky · 1985
Earlier work this paper cites.
Outline for a theory of intelligence
J. S. Albus · 1991
Earlier work this paper cites.
On the thresholds of knowledge
D. Lenat and E. Feigenbaum · 1991
Cited alongside, same era.
Where’s the AI?
R. Schank · 1991
Cited alongside, same era.
What counselors should know about the use and interpretation of psychological tests
A. Anastasi · 1992
Cited alongside, same era.
Frames of Mind: Theory of multiple intelligences
H. Gardner · 1993
Cited alongside, same era.
Review of computational intelligence: Imitating life
D. B. Fogel · 1995
Cited alongside, same era.
On the working definition of intelligence
P. Wang · 1995
Cited alongside, same era.
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life
R. J. Herrnstein and C. Murray · 1996
Handbook of Intelligence
R. J. Sternberg, editor · 2000
Later among the works it cites.
Assessment of children: Cognitive applications
J. Slatter · 2001
Later among the works it cites.
A native intelligence metric for artificial systems
J. Horst · 2002
Later among the works it cites.
The Turing ratio: Metrics for open-ended tasks
H. Masum, S. Christensen, and F. Oppacher · 2002
Later among the works it cites.
Leading humanity forward
A. Asohan · 2003
Later among the works it cites.
An interview with Dr. Simonton
D. K. Simonton · 2003
Later among the works it cites.
An interview with Dr. Sternberg
R. J. Sternberg · 2003
Later among the works it cites.
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Cited alongside, same era.
Mainstream science on intelligence: An editorial with 52 signatories, history, and bibliography
L. S. Gottfredson · 1997
Cited alongside, same era.
The Oxford Companion to the Mind
R. L. Gregory · 1998
Cited alongside, same era.
Computational Intelligence: A logical approach
D. Poole, A. Mackworth, and R. Goebel · 1998
Cited alongside, same era.
AI as complex information processing
H. Nakashima · 1999
Cited alongside, same era.
Evaluating intelligence: A computational semiotics perspective
R. R. Gudwin · 2000
Cited alongside, same era.
What is artificial intelligence?
J. McCarthy · 2004
Later among the works it cites.
Universal Artificial Intelligence: Sequential Decisions based on Algorithmic Probability
M. Hutter · 2005
Later among the works it cites.
Essentials of general intelligence: The direct path to AGI
P. Voss · 2005
Later among the works it cites.
Intelligence
M. Anderson · 2006
Later among the works it cites.
The Hidden Pattern
B. Goertzel · 2006
Later among the works it cites.
A formal measure of machine intelligence
S. Legg and M. Hutter · 2006
Later among the works it cites.