Fermion Generations from "Apple-Shaped" Extra Dimensions

Understand

We examine the behavior of fermions in the presence of an internal compact 2-manifold which in one of the spherical angles exhibits a conical character with an obtuse angle.

• The extra manifold can be pictured as an apple-like surface i.e.
• a sphere with an extra "wedge" insert.
• Such a surface has conical singularities at north and south poles.