The collision velocity of the bullet cluster in conventional and modified dynamics

Understand

We consider the orbit of the bullet cluster 1E 0657-56 in both CDM and MOND using accurate mass models appropriate to each case in order to ascertain the maximum plausible collision velocity.

• Impact velocities consistent with the shock velocity (~ 4700km/s) occur naturally in MOND.
• CDM can generate collision velocities of at most ~ 3800km/s, and is only consistent with the data provided that the shock velocity has been substantially enhanced by hydrodynamical effects.